- OSU FLORICULTURE RESEARCH UPDATE -
Photoselective Plastics

by Dr. Peg McMahon
Dept. of Horticulture and Crop Science
The Ohio State University


With tighter and tighter restrictions on the use of chemicals in floral production, alternative methods to regulate stem elongation and stem height such as DIF and its variation and brushing/shaking have been studied and implemented in greenhouse growing strategies. To add to the grower's chemfree toolbox, another technique is soon to be available.

The technique is using photoselective plastics that absorb far-red (FR) light as greenhouse coverings or shade cloth. Far-red light is the portion of the spectrum plants use to sense they are crowded, which leads to stem elongation ('stretch'). It has been shown that on a very wide selection of plants (most bedding plants, mums, Easter lilies, poinsettias and others) plants grown under FR absorbing plastics are shorter, more compact, and darker green than plants grown under non-selective shade materials that reduce overall radiation by the same amount. Even compared to plants grown on open benches without any additional shade, plants under the photoselective plastics are no taller are usually darker green and are often shorter.

The implications for growers are that these plastics, which can be manufactured as acrylic sheets, polyethylene film, or nonwoven fabric similar to the material used in floating row covers, can be used to cover greenhouses or in internal shading systems to retard stretch. The technique would be most effective during the late spring, summer, and early fall when excess light is a problem and has to be reduced in the greenhouse to reduce heat stress on the plants. Often, when shading plants during the heat of summer, stretch occurs because plants are crowded and the FR signal becomes significant when overall light is reduced. Using the special plastics can reduce or eliminate stretch. While not recommended for late fall, winter, or early spring in areas where light is limiting during this time, the technique dovetails very well with the use of DIF which is effective during these times, but not during the warmer seasons.

Although currently in the development stage, at least two plastic manufacturing companies, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. and Visquen, are manufacturing the materials on a limited basis. They have applied for and received patents. Expect to see the plastics on the market as soon as the details of patents and import into the U.S and Canada are completed. Current estimate is for the Mitsui material to be available in the U.S. in the fall of 2000. It is not known at this time what the cost will be, although it is likely to be more than for regular polyfilms and cloths. However, the manufacturers realize that the price has to be justifiable to growers or they will not be able to sell the product so expect prices to be reasonably competitive. If the technique can allow more plants to be grown per bench, or reduce labor or chemical use, then the cost should be justifiable. The fabrics can also serve as heat retention blankets in the winter, thereby making them value- added and help to justify their expense.